Acorns

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It’s acorn season. I’ve long been curious about foraging for acorns, learning how to prepare them to be eaten, and seeing what they taste like. During October, a small troop of children probably could gather bushels of acorns in the woods around Acorn Abbey.

I’d like to find a good anthropological history of the acorn, if such an opus exists. It would be fascinating. For those of us whose ancestors are from northern and western Europe, or from North America, acorns are in our DNA. Acorns as a foodstuff were critical to migration and survival. If you go into the woods today and gather acorns for a while, it’s easy to imagine how the acorn economy would have worked. The gathering, almost surely, would have been children’s work. Then I can imagine the whole tribe sitting in the afternoon sun and cracking out the acorn meats as they talked. A huge amount of labor was involved, but acorns also are an abundant source of food that come just at the right time, before winter sets in. The gathering actually is a weeks-long process. You go out and gather every day during acorn season, so that you pick up the acorns soon after they fall. If they stay on the ground too long, they’ll become wormy, or the squirrels will beat you to them.

I’ve posted in the past about going foraging with Euell Gibbons many years ago. Gibbons’ now-classic book Stalking the Wild Asparagus has a section on acorns. I have other books on foraging which include sections on acorns. The Internet also is rich with how-to articles on acorns. The problem with acorns is that they contain tannic acid. There is so much tannic acid in some acorns that it would injure the kidneys if you ate the acorns without removing the tannin. There are two basic ways to do this. You can boil the shelled acorns for a couple of hours, with several changes of water. Or you can grind and soak the acorns in cold water. The American Indians used to put their acorn meats into some kind of sack or skin and leave them in a cool, running stream for a few days.

I’m planning to process my acorns with cold water. Though it takes longer, less energy is involved, and I feel sure it was the method that our ancestors used. After I’ve done this and eaten some acorns (that may be a week or two), I’ll post again.

What's growing at the abbey, early October

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Every year at this time, I discover more wild persimmon trees that I previously hadn’t noticed. Persimmon trees are easily spotted this time of year not only for the persimmons hanging on them, but also because the leaves redden and develop interesting spots and patinas. I found this young tree just today at the edge of my woods. I flagged it with red tape so that I can clear around it this winter and give it room to grow.

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Above: Ken sowed beets, turnips, and mustard in the raised beds before he went back to school. The greens are now almost big enough to start harvesting. Former colleagues of mine from the Winston-Salem Journal, who live about five miles from me and who have been gardening in this area for over 30 years, say that February is probably the only month that they’re not eating fresh foods from their garden. I’m quickly beginning to realize the importance of the early spring garden and the fall garden. It’s more fun to work early and late gardens, because the work doesn’t have to be done in the heat of summer. Also, the rain here generally falls more reliably in the spring and fall. This year’s fall garden will have beets, turnips, mustard, the greens from those three, and some sweet potatoes.

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Above: Mustard.

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Above: The raised beds. And, yes, I hang my laundry on the side porch. I still don’t have a dryer. It hasn’t come up on my priority list, and I haven’t felt any great need for a dryer. I greatly prefer air-dried clothes. And air-drying them is free.

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Honeysuckle

Above: After Ken and I built the garden fence last June, we planted climbing roses on two sides of the fence. The roses are coming along well, but it probably will be two more years before it looks like a rose-covered fence. On the other two sides of the fence — uphill from the abbey in the work area, and the side of the fence that’s up against the woods — I’m letting nature take its course. It’s the honeysuckle, of course, that seizes the opportunity to grow on a fence. In several spots, the honeysuckle has already climbed six feet up the fence. I hope I don’t regret letting honeysuckle grow on the fence. Its vines are extremely aggressive. But it sure does smell nice.

Water independence and water security

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The gauge shows the 3.5 inches that fell last night.

To me, few things are as disturbing as a drought. And few things make me feel more secure than the sound of water rushing in my little stream. I can hear the water now through the upstairs open window that faces the woods. The remnants of Tropical Storm Nicole just put an end to the drought that developed in North Carolina during a hot and dry September. A total of 6.2 inches has fallen here in the past few days. Areas to the east, closer to the Atlantic, had much more rain. Wilmington, on the coast, had almost 21 inches of rain from Nicole.

For those of us who want to turn our backs on the corporatized, consumerist lifestyle, few things are more important than water independence and water security. My goal is to live to be at least 100 years old. If I succeed at that, that’s almost 40 more years that Acorn Abbey will need to sustain me through global warming and economic and political changes that I’m probably not going to like. One of my daily reads is James Rawles’ SurvivalBlog.com. Rawles is a very intelligent and knowledgeable man, and his daily links are often very useful. But Rawles’ blog has a strong right-wing tilt. He still believes, because of right-wing ideology, that government, rather than out-of-control corporations and the corporate takeover of our government, is the problem. He’s very big on guns and defending one’s retreat as though it’s a fortress, though, to his credit, he also completely understands the necessity of sustainability. He sells his services as a consultant for people who are looking for retreats. He prefers the western United States, because of the sparseness of the population, weaker local government, and the prevailing winds carrying fallout if a big East Coast city was nuked.

I believe that’s all wrong, that some people’s ideology and too much Ayn Rand has led them to think that rugged individualism, hoarding, and lots of guns are the best defense against what may go wrong in the future. But the western states (with the exception of Idaho and a few other areas) are some of the most water-stressed parts of the country, and the water situation is going to get worse. Given a choice between guns and water, I’ll take the water.

Before I finally made the decision to move back to North Carolina from California, one of the things I attempted to check was long-range projections for average rainfall in the face of global warming. I could find very little data in 2005, when I bought my land, though there seemed to be a consensus that hurricane-season storms off the Atlantic would be more common and more violent. Just this year, though, a research organization named Tetra Tech released a report combining projections from several different global warming models. They show this area of North Carolina gaining several inches of rainfall per year, on average. That is reassuring. One of the graphs from this report is at the bottom of this post.

In my attempts to model the future, it is silly to suppose that guns and hoards of food will get me through the next 40 years, should I be so lucky as to live that long. As I see it, sustainability is the key. Sustainability without rainfall and water is unimaginable. And though independence is a good thing, I also think it’s obvious that fortresses inhabited by rugged individualists with lots of guns are unsustainable.

What is sustainable, then? I think the answer to that is obvious, because that’s how it used to be done before we all became consumers in an economy in which people depend on corporations for everything. Farming communities are sustainable. To the right-wing mind, “community” is a dirty word that will always provoke a sneer. Even a very large farm is not likely to be completely self-sustaining. There are bound to be some things that one can’t produce and that one must trade for. When I was a child, I could hardly believe it when my mother used to tell me that, when she was a child, there was no such thing as a grocery store. A few times a year, she said, they’d buy flour, sugar and beans in 50-pound sacks. Everything else they grew. Those sacks, by the way, were often cotton muslin prints that could be made into clothing. I have a photo of my mother around age 16 in which I’m pretty sure the dress she’s wearing was made from a flour sack.

So, to me, picking a place for a retreat is not about totally getting away from people. It’s about getting into an area sparsely populated with the right kind of people. Those people are people who have tractors and fields and barns and pastures. Those people now go to the grocery store, for sure. But they have the option of going back to farming, and many of them still have the skills.

Acorn Abbey is a little less than 250 miles from the Atlantic. The North Carolina coastline sort of hangs out into the Atlantic. If you flew exactly east from Acorn Abbey, in about 250 miles you would come to the Atlantic around Duck, North Carolina. If you flew exactly south from Acorn Abbey, in about 250 miles you would come to the Atlantic around Charleston, South Carolina. This is good. Stokes County is far enough inland to be protected from the winds of a powerful hurricane. But the rain can get here in only a few hours.

Acorn Abbey’s water comes from a well. I have a small stream only a hundred feet downhill from the house, but that stream stops running in dry weather. The nearest stream that runs all year is about a hundred feet below my property line. The Dan River is two miles away. I could have done worse. But if there is one thing I could fix about Acorn Abbey, it would be this: I’d contrive to have some sort of reservoir of rain water that could be used to irrigate the garden. With limits, my well can do this. But the idea of using ground water for irrigation offends against my sense of sustainability. If there is a cost-effective way of impounding some rain water for summer irrigation, I will think of it.

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This storm came straight off the Atlantic rather than from the Gulf.

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Tetra Tech Inc. / National Resources Defense Council

Patience gives up

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Patience, back in the chicken lot after three months on the nest

One often reads that the broodiness has been bred out of modern chickens. Not completely. Patience, one of my Barred Rock hens, sat on the nest (on infertile, roosterless eggs) for three months. She finally ventured out yesterday.

While she was brooding, nothing but brute force could get her off the nest. For many days during the summer, Ken or I (usually Ken) would push her outside and close the chickenhouse doors. How she hated that. After Ken went back to school, I just didn’t have the heart (or the patience) to push her off the nest every day. Plus I didn’t want to have to close the doors to the chickenhouse, preventing the other hens from going in and out as they please.

Patience had hoarded seven eggs. I took them away and threw them in the compost. It’s not clear to me which hens laid the eggs Patience was sitting on. At least one of them, because of its color, clearly came from Ruth, the Golden Comet hen. While she was sitting, it was clear that Patience rarely laid an egg. She was out of production.

None of my other hens has been broody, so I don’t know how common this behavior will be. Come spring, I plan to get a couple of new chicks and give them to Patience. Maybe that will make her happy. And it will bring my chicken population back to five. The hens are about 18 months old. I lost one hen in the early summer of 2009. A predator (probably a raccoon) killed her from outside the chicken house by reaching through the wire and grabbing her by the neck. I lost a second hen this summer to a heat stroke. That was on the fourth day that the temperature went above 100 degrees.

Chicken breeds vary in how cold hardy they are. But it’s clear to me that my chickens thrive better in cold weather than in hot weather. The Barred Rocks laid more eggs last winter than they did this summer. However, Ruth, the Golden Comet, is a champion layer. She has laid a nice big egg almost every day, year round.

A real monastery in Stokes?

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While driving back from Cana, Virginia, today (a trip to get organic fertilizers — more on that later) I took a different route home on N.C. 704 through northern Stokes County. I was surprised to see a sign pointing to a Greek Orthodox monastery. I couldn’t resist driving part way down their long driveway and taking a couple of pictures.

It’s interesting how often one finds something unexpected in Stokes County. There’s a farming community of Hare Krishna devotees not far from me. The Greek Orthodox monastery is only about 12 miles away. Stokes is beautiful and is relatively unspoiled and undeveloped. With luck, maybe more alternative types will discover Stokes County in years to come.

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I believe the building on the right is the chapel.

Tough tilling

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That’s young turnips in the raised bed.

It’s amazing how fast that half an inch of rain that fell Wednesday dried out when the 90-degree heat returned. When I started tilling in the garden area Friday morning, the moisture was barely noticeable. The new tiller is very aggressive, though, so in spite of the sticks and rocks I made a pretty good first pass over the garden area.

It’s good to know something about the history of one’s soil. Two and a half years ago, my garden area was the floor of a one-acre area covered with mature pine trees. The trees and stumps were removed in the early spring of 2008. Then everything having to do with the garden went on hold for the next year and a half while all my time went into building the house. To make matters even worse in the garden area, that’s where the loggers put the heavy machine that stripped the limbs off the trees and loaded them onto a truck parked out of the road. The garden area was packed by the heavy machinery, and there were sticks and bark everywhere. Much of that has rotted in the last two years, though.

The pine trees that I took down in 2008 had been there since about 1965. Before that, my acre of land that is open to the sun was a farmer’s field, worked mostly with a mule. My land is too sloped and too irregularly shaped to be easily worked with a tractor. Maybe the mule died, or something, and someone decided to give it up and plant trees in the field.

The good news from my morning of heavy tilling is that the garden soil is in better shape than I thought. There is more humus and less clay than I was expecting. My task this fall is to work as much compost and organic fertilizers into the soil as possible, then plant winter rye as a cover crop. I’m hoping that I’ll have fairly decent soil by spring. And of course I’ll do everything possible to improve the soil each year.

I’m planning to be strictly organic in the garden area. I don’t mind using fertilizer on my grass, and I used fertilizer in my straw-bale experiment, but I don’t use herbicides and insecticides anywhere. I take that back. I used a bit of poison-ivy killer a couple of years ago.

The tiller, by the way, is not a large tiller, but it is one of the fancier models with counter-rotating rear tines. This type of tiller does a better job, and it’s easier to use. The front wheels are driven by the engine and pull the tiller forward. The tines try to pull the tiller backward as they churn. But somehow the machinery is made such that the tiller creeps slowly forward as it grinds up the soil inside the hooded area that covers the tines. Generally one hand is enough to manage the thing.

Rain at last

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Weather Underground

The most miserable hot and dry spell of the summer finally came to an end tonight. Who’d have thought that we’d have that hot and dry spell in September?

Unfortunately, it was a smallish storm that didn’t benefit a lot of people, but it left .5 or .6 inch here. That’s enough to save my grass and kick-start all the grass seed that Ken sowed before he went back to school. The rain also will soften the ground enough that I can finally go ahead and give the garden area its fall tilling.

A chocolate fit made me do it

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I had a chocolate fit this evening, and I thought of brownies. If I’ve ever made brownies before, I don’t remember it. As usual, I turned to the 1943 edition of Irma Rombauer’s Joy of Cooking. She has a recipe for brownies that uses molasses mixed with the sugar. I substituted olive oil for the melted butter, and I used whole wheat flour. Not that much can be done to lessen the crime of making brownies.

September: It's the new August

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I had expected some relief in September from the hot, dry summer. But it’s been three weeks since we had rain, and temperatures are still hitting 90. The forecast for the next week looks much the same.

The fields are full of yellow flowers, though. That’s the best thing about this time of year.

The National Weather Service released new long-range predictions yesterday. For this part of the country, above-average temperatures and below-average precipitation are what we can expect for at least the next two weeks. There seems to be some hope of a change in October.

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National Weather Service

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