Hawk 0, Chastity 2


Chastity, the day after the second hawk attack. Her eye is OK, but she’s squinting from the hawk-peck wound just below her right eye.

The hawk came back.

Once again, it went for Chastity. Ken found her lying on the ground beside the chicken house, in a state of shock. He picked her up and put her inside. There was some sign of injury to one of her wings, but no blood. And there was a hawk-peck wound just under her right eye that caused her eye to swell shut. A day later, she was squinting, and we could see that her eye was OK. Today, two days later, her eye is almost back to normal except for the scab underneath it.

Chastity seems depressed, but she’ll make a full recovery.

Now what will we do. Clearly the hawk is not going to give up on trying to eat the chickens. Besides, hawks waste chickens. I understand that they eat the brain and lungs and leave the rest. Even worse, Ken has seen evidence that the hawk has built a nest at the edge of the woods right below the abbey. I would have assumed this to be a squirrel’s nest, but would a hawk enter and settle down into a squirrels nest, as Ken saw it do? I doubt it.

For now, we’re letting the chickens out only when we’re there to shepherd them, while we try to figure out what to do. We could put up a scarecrow and a fake owl, but I doubt that would be very effective. Some people report success stringing fishing line above the chicken lot, but I’m not sure that’s practical here. The fence is large (almost 400 feet). Though the fence is 8 feet high, I doubt we could string fishing line in such a way that it wouldn’t sag and strangle us as we worked in the garden. I’m looking for new ideas for defenses and trying to figure out what’s practical.

I’m pretty sure that it’s illegal under state and/or federal law to kill a hawk. That’s out of the question.

In so many ways, it’s exciting to live in a place with so much wildlife. But I never guessed that it would be such a struggle to defend the chickens and the garden. Between the deer, the groundhogs, the hawk, the fox, and the voles, everything wants to move in and eat us out of house and home.


The hawk at the edge of the woods, only 35 yards from the abbey. Photos by Ken Ilgunas.


Hawk nest or squirrel’s nest? Ken saw the hawk actually enter and settle into the nest.

Has a fox family moved in?


A cozy fox den?

There is very good evidence that a fox family has moved in just downhill from the abbey. While clearing brush, Ken came across what appears to be lots and lots of fox poop. Nearby, in a deep brush pile (near a ravine where the bulldozer pushed the stumps when trees were cleared for the abbey three years ago) we also found the entrance to their den.

The poop looks like dog poop. It has evidence of fur in it and clearly is carnivore or omnivore poop. Also, early one evening a couple of months ago, when Lily was growling at the window, I turned on the outdoor lights and saw a cute little red fox right in front of the house. New neighbors, I feel sure.

It remains to be seen whether the foxes will be a bother. They’d have a hard time getting to the chickens. The henhouse is secure, and though it would be possible for predators to dig and get under the fence, so far we’ve seen no signs of that. The chickens are always locked in the henhouse at night. Neighbors report having seen foxes, and a neighbor’s game camera got a photo of a nocturnal fox, but no one has seen a fox during daylight.

So I guess we’ll take a wait-and-see attitude toward the fox neighbors. I would never shoot a fox, but I would not hesitate to harass them and encourage them to move away. The harassment strategy seemed to work with the groundhogs. The groundhogs were raiding the garden. Steady harassment (yelling, chasing, shooting a pellet gun into the ground near them, etc.) caused the groundhogs to move on.

But how in the world will we build up a rabbit population with foxes living right up against the backyard?


Fox poop?

Vegan barbecue, Lexington style

Vegan meat analogs have become a staple around here. The most recent experiment was an attempt at Lexington-style pork barbecue. There’d be no mistaking it for the real thing, but it was very good. We even ate the leftovers for breakfast (with fried apples, yellow grits, and warmed-over biscuits).

The basic ingredients for the meat analogs are legumes (either cooked, mashed soybeans or garbanzo bean flour), ground nuts (usually brazil nuts), and wheat gluten. The proportions and seasonings are varied according to the kind of analog. Mashed soybeans makes a nice analog of dark meat, and garbanzo bean flour makes a nice analog of white meat. The addition of ground nuts makes a flakier texture (like meat loaf), and the reduction or omission of the ground nuts makes a more chewy texture (like chicken or pork).

I used a homemade barbecue sauce, Lexington style (as in Lexington, North Carolina — ground zero for the type of pork barbecue that is made in this area of North Carolina). The ingredients are cider vinegar (sometimes diluted with water or apple juice), ketchup, brown sugar, black and red pepper, and salt. If you Google for “Lexington barbecue sauce” you’ll find lots of recipes. The smokiness of proper barbecue was missing. Liquid Smoke is on my shopping list. I hope that will help.

I served the barbecue with roasted potatoes, slaw, and homemade rolls. Good eatin’!

The day the hawk swooped down

By Ken Ilgunas

I was sprinting toward the fence gate. With arms pumping, eyes bulged, and teeth clenched, I flung one foot forward after another—my shoeless soles making soft thuds in the grass as the wind swept my hair back, revealing my otherwise cleverly-hidden and regretfully-high hairline. “NOOOOOO!” I bellowed. “THE CHICKENS!”

It was a clear, brisk afternoon. Moments before, I had been standing on David’s porch, looking out at the garden while talking with my father on the phone.

As I watched a shadow move across the yard, I couldn’t help but tune my father out. The shadow, at first, was small—maybe the width of a mason jar. But as it approached the garden fence, it got bigger and bigger—like a the shadow of a UFO descending to earth, ready to collect samples for examination, experimentation, and an obligatory probing.

The shadow—moving at lightning speed—advanced toward our three chickens who were close together—as they always are—innocently scratching and pecking the ground near one of the apple trees. That’s when I saw the shadow’s source. It was a hawk, mottled black and gray with wings outstretched, exposing a bone-white underside. It lowered its claws like airplane wheels and aimed its beak at Chastity, one of our two dark chickens.

The hawk clenched its claws into the Chastity’s back, and began flapping its freakishly large wings in hopes of carrying his meal to a more appropriate venue.

The chickens have almost no way to defend themselves against a bird of that size. They can’t fly very far, their beaks are too small to fight back, and the coop—their only recourse to shelter—was too far way. Our chickens, though, have one thing going for them: they are—and I don’t know how to put this lightly—fat. I wouldn’t go as far to call them “obese,” because obesity suggests poor health when our chickens, thankfully, are as healthy as can be. But they are, nonetheless, fat. And I don’t say that disparagingly. If I was a rooster ambling through the property, I’d likely be unable to continue on without pausing to admire their plump, healthy, feminine curves, before communicating my ardor to them with flagrantly obscene roadside catcalls.

The hawk raised Chastity’s body only about a foot into the air before they both came crashing down to earth.

It was at this point that I screamed, “No! The chickens!” I dropped the phone and ran to the fence where I hoped to put on a display of acrobatic martial arts maneuvers that—because I’d seen so many kung fu movies in my childhood—I figured were second-nature to me by now.

What was my poor father thinking? “No! The chickens!” was the last thing he’d heard before I dropped the phone onto the deck’s wood planks and took off running. Perhaps he was left shuddering in horror as he imagined his firstborn begin pecked to death by a flock of ravenous chickens. He’d picture me like a man covered in feathered flames, stumbling drunkenly as 20 of them clutched my every morsel of flesh.

But it need not be said that I was running and panting and girlishly screaming to save the chickens.

It might seem odd for a man to get so worked up about an animal that people eat every day, especially an animal that everyone knows has no personality, an animal that is perceived to be clone-like and characterless.

Meat becomes easy to swallow when we think of animals more like thoughtless robots, and less like sentient beings like ourselves. So who cares if a chicken—that’s eaten by millions of people every day—becomes hawk food?

I never thought I’d say this, but I adore chickens. Well, I adore at least three chickens.

Whenever I walk into the fenced enclosure where the chickens roam free, the three of them (who I call “the girls”) will come rushing down the hill—running like diapered toddlers on wobbly legs—to greet me like puppies. They’ll surround me, and look up into my eyes, as I lavish their feathers with compliments. At night, when I go to lock them up in their coop, I can hear them all cooing at the same time—a communal loquacity that brings to mind a circle of grandmothers with balls of yarn in their laps who talk purely for the joy of talking, unconcerned with whether or not anyone’s really listening.

Much to my surprise, I’ve learned that each of “the girls” is by no means a “clone”; they each have their own distinctive personality.


Ruth

Ruth—the red chicken—is easily the dimmest of the three. In her wide blank eyes, you can see a mind that is ripe for conversion. Because she cannot think for herself, she can be swayed to the dark side, as well as the good. Her morality depends entirely on whatever the dominant ideology of the group is. Ironically, despite her dimwittedness, she also exhibits the most curiosity of the three. Every morning last summer—when I had to forcefully remove Patience from her nest (because Patience was in some weird and unhealthy nesting mode)—Ruth would always stop what she was doing to come up and watch as I pushed her broody friend out of the coop. During that time, Ruth used to reign supreme at the top of the pecking order when they all lived in the coop, constantly tormenting those bold enough to eat before her with sharp pecks to the neck. The two darker chickens, however, have benefited more than Ruth has from grazing in the yard, and they—with due justice—have since pushed Ruth down to the bottom of the order. Ruth—desperate to dominate somebody—began pecking our feet, but with a couple of artfully placed kicks to her rear, we’ve avoided succumbing to the tyranny of ruthless Ruth.


Patience

Patience—the plumpest of the three—is like the crazy gay aunt of the family. You know the aunt—the one who has a mysterious personal life about which no one in the family knows anything, except that she has eccentric hobbies like skydiving and some weird new Asian religion. You love it when she shows up for family gatherings, only because you have no idea what to expect when she’s around. The more conservative members of the family write her off as insane, but only because they feel threatened by some faint hint of brilliance in her eccentricity. Patience is constantly making strange noises, and flapping her wings at all times of the day. As mentioned above, she spent the whole summer sitting on her nest for no useful reason. Patience is my favorite and the most dog-like of the group, loyally following me around during my rounds in the yard. She’s taken a special liking to me, which is especially evident when she turns her back and squats in front of me, as willing hens are wont to do in front of courting roosters. Of course I haven’t taken her up on the offer, but I’m always flattered nonetheless.


Chastity

Chastity—the dark chicken who was targeted by the hawk—is the most stoic and matronly of the bunch. While Ruth’s eyes sometimes appear cold and reptilian, Chastity’s are human-like, sometimes even sagely. She carries herself with more awareness and self-composure than the others, rarely permitting herself to become involved in petty, pecking-order politics—not because of highbrowed haughtiness, but because she is unconcerned with the trivialities of the present. She seems to have been blessed with an empathy that comes from living close to nature and her kind, but also a wisdom—bestowed to her by noble blood—that allows her to “remove” herself from the limits of the physical world and to shift her thoughts to a higher plane. From this vantage point, she can see how she fits into the larger scheme of things. Chastity is both smarter and stronger than Ruth and Patience, and while some chickens would use this power for personal gain, or to revel in the perverse glee of subjugating others, Chastity, rather, sees her role—not as an “opportunity”—but a duty to care for those weaker than she—a duty that she is—by honor—obligated to accept.

* * *

My Chastity. My dear Chastity. I saw her flipped upside down in the air with wings flailing, now headed to the ground headfirst. The hawk—unable to pick her up—had his claws planted on the ground now, figuring he’d devour Chastity on the spot. He snapped his beak at the heap of feathers until he became aware of the moaning apelike figure that ran after it with beak-dropping haste. The hawk left Chastity on the ground, took off for the trees, sat on a limb, and looked down on its kill, eager for the chance to strike again. Chastity was lying down and motionless, huddled with the other two chickens.

I was devastated. David, at the time, was in Winston-Salem shopping for groceries. I knew it would break his heart when I had to tell him that one of his chickens had been killed.

I wanted revenge.

I could still see the hawk, brazenly perched above. David has a pellet gun, I remembered. That would do the trick. I rushed back into the house, found the rifle, and opened the canister of pellets to load it up. Having never grown up with guns in my house, I hadn’t the slightest idea how to load it. Puzzled, I must have looked like a caveman holding a Rubik’s cube as I swiveled my head from the rifle to the pellets and back to the rifle again. Okay, forget the gun idea.

I ran outside again, and figured I’d stand by the chickens until the hawk left the premises. I walked over to Chastity’s body, still motionless, sandwiched between Ruth and Patience who both looked frantic.

Oh poor Chastity. I remembered the time when—in this very spot—she launched herself at a invading groundhog, bravely throwing her beak into its ass like a mining pick. This garden, I thought, will seem awfully empty with just two chickens.

And just as I went to pick Chastity’s body up to bury her, she flung her head up and twisted her neck to see me. I looked over her body, and couldn’t find even a scratch.

As each chicken has developed and displayed their personalities, they’re no longer just barnyard animals who give us eggs every morning, they’re members of the family.

That night, I put them up in their coops early, brought them out a bucketful of leftovers, and packed their nests with fresh hay. And while they are now a little wary about being out in the open, they still spend their days pecking, scratching, and cooing, living as happy as three chickens can possibly live.

Ken Ilgunas’ blog is at SpartanStudent.blogspot.com.

More shiitake mushroom logs

Ken has finished a second batch of shiitake mushroom logs. This time, we used oak, plus a couple of locust logs as an experiment.

The first batch of logs have not yet shown any sign of production. It’s too early — five months. But we did the work in August, which is the least favorable time of year to start mushroom logs. Still, we have high hopes that that first batch of logs (all poplar) will make mushrooms.

The shiitake mushroom spawn, by the way, were mail-ordered from Oyster Creek Mushroom Company in Maine.

Ken shot video while he was making the new logs. He plans to post a how-to video of the process on his blog as soon as he has a chance to do the editing. Also, here’s a link to the photo series on the mushroom work Ken did in August.

a-mushroom-cabin-13.JPG
The first batch of mushroom logs, last August.

The preparedness dilemma


I can guess what this retired Stokes County farm tool was doing in 1935.

What is the right amount of preparedness? The official position of the American government is that every family should have at least a three-day supply of food, water, and necessities. The assumption is that, in a regional disaster, help can be expected to come within three days. But that didn’t work too well, did it, for the people of New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina? Some churches ask their members to maintain a year’s supply of food and essentials.

When we ask ourselves just how much preparedness is enough preparedness, we also must ask ourselves how prepared we can be without creating waste. Food won’t store forever. Do those people who store a year’s worth of supplies have a system for rotating and using those supplies? If they don’t, then it’s all wasted. If they do rotate their supplies, then they’re always eating food that’s old and will soon go bad. And of course preparedness is not only about food. Some “preppers,” as they’re often called, also seem to think that they need huge stocks of guns, ammunition, gasoline, and so on. Is that a good investment?

The December 20 & 27, 2010, issue of The New Yorker contains an article titled “The Efficiency Dilemma: If our machines use less energy, will we just use them more?” The article is here, subscription required. The article describes a problem that befuddles economists and environmentalists. That’s the fact that the benefits of increased efficiency generally don’t lead to less consumption. An example is refrigeration. The efficiency of refrigerators has increased many times over since the electricity-guzzling refrigerators of the 1950s, and yet the total per-capita cost of refrigeration has risen steeply since the 1950s, because we refrigerate more things. The article quotes James McWilliams, the author of Just Food, on an American habit of which I am very guilty:

“Refrigeration and packaging convey to the consumer a sense that what we buy will last longer than it does. Thus, we buy enough stuff to fill our capacious Sub-Zeros and, before we know it, a third of it is past its due date and we toss it.”

Yep. And my own freezer needs cleaning out even as we speak. The article quotes Jonathan Bloom, author of American Wasteland, on a disturbing statistic: Since the 1970s, per-capita food waste in the United States has increased by half, and we now throw away 40 percent of our food!

What this means for a preparedness strategy is that, unless our strategy is prudent, we are just generating more waste.

I marvel sometimes at the survivalists who gather at www.SurvivalBlog.com. These folks, right-wingers who see themselves as libertarians, think that stashing food is not enough. They also believe in having lots and lots of guns (including assault weapons), reinforced bunkers, elaborate surveillance equipment including night vision scopes and trip wires, big generators with a lot of stored fuel, etc. I can’t help but ask myself: Is that a good investment?

An old friend of mine, Jonathan Rauch, published a book in 1993 titled Kindly Inquisitors: The New Attacks on Free Thought. In the book, Rauch talks about the mindsets of certain people who think they have a direct channel to the truth. “Fundamentalism,” Rauch writes, “is the strong disinclination to take seriously the possibility that you might be wrong.”

If we have a well-considered model of the world, we can make some educated guesses about the future. But no one can know for sure what the future will bring. Shouldn’t we hedge our bets, then, and do what we can to prepare for possible hard times without creating yet more waste? If “the end of the world as we know it,” or TEOTWAWKI, as it is called at SurvivalBlog, never happens, then what good were those huge arsenals of guns, those huge stashes of ammunition, those costly concrete bunkers, those perimeter-surveillance systems? They were a huge waste. They cost a fortune. They did not improve anyone’s quality of life, now or in the future. Those tripwires and No Trespassing signs weakened, rather than strengthened, a community.

Before buying those arsenals and building those bunkers, did those people ask themselves: What if I’m wrong?

So how much preparedness is enough, and how do we hedge our bets? We all have to make our own calls, based on our own situation and our own guesses about what we think the future will be like. I can speak only for myself.

My own view is that, though horrendous events such as a meteor strike or a total economic collapse could happen, the odds are against it. What I think is highly probable, though, is that hard times are not yet over and that Americans are going to have to adapt to a reduced or static standard of living. I also believe that Americans consume too much and waste too much. I will do what I can to prepare for what I think is highly probable. But I am nowhere near rich enough to prepare for all the kinds of bad things that could happen but for which the probabilities are too low to even estimate. This outlook is what shapes my view of the right level of preparedness.

So I ask myself, before I spend money on, say, a 400-foot deer fence around my little orchard and garden and henhouse, “Is this the right thing to do, no matter what happens?” In the case of the deer fence, I decided that it was the right thing to do, because even if I won the lottery I still would want to produce as much of my own food as possible, and around here that requires deer protection. Every expenditure for preparedness is an exercise in cost-benefit, priorities, and risk assessment. I’d like to have a generator, for example, but I see that as less important than, say, a good tiller. I bought the tiller. The generator must wait.

How much food should we store? We must all decide for ourselves. But the more of our own food we can produce, the less we have to store, and so I’m emphasizing production rather than storage. Even so, I have several milk crates full of canned foods in my storage closet, and the expiration date on much of it is coming up in 2011. I don’t really use much canned food, so one of the chores I must do soon is sort through that food and give most of it away before it expires. I’ve also got to clean my freezer and be smarter about how I use the freezer from now on.

How many guns do we need? My answer to that is about the same as one of my grandfather’s: a .22 rifle and a shotgun. A deer hunter would need more. An arsenal of automatic weapons, to my lights, would be a hobby at best and a paranoid obsession at worst. Nor can I imagine justifying the cost of such a hobby.

Again and again, as I reflect on the question of preparedness and sustainability, I think of 1935. Those were hard times in America. Industrialization had not yet reached the point at which many Americans don’t want to even cook for themselves and thus outsource their cooking to corporations by buying processed foods or eating at chain restaurants. Suburbanization had not yet happened. Outside the cities, most Americans still produced most of their own food. Communities were strong. Neighbors helped each other out rather than putting up No Trespassing signs and hoarding machine guns. As they said a few years after 1935, during World War II, “Use it up, wear it out, make it do, or do without.”

Maybe this is a sentimental, unarmed (or lightly armed) Norman Rockwell view of hard times. But it certainly is more appealing than a Road Warrior view of hard times — guns and raids and slaughter. It’s also a level of preparedness that most of us can afford — those of us with jobs, at least. And even if 2011 turns out to be morning in America, a preparedness that emphasizes producing more for ourselves and doing more for ourselves while buying less is a good investment, good times or bad.

Charming critter homes


Can you see the acorn debris on the ledge above and to the right of the holes?

I love to walk in the woods in the wintertime. Cold weather is great for hiking, plus I don’t have to worry about snakes. Also, with the leaves down, much can be seen that is not visible in summer. While I’m out walking, I’ve started looking for holes in trees that look as though they are (or ought to be) occupied by little animals such as chipmunks. Some of them clearly are occupied, because you can see trails, or debris from a lunch of acorns.

These places are very common. One of these days I’m going to find one with a perfect gothic door.


A drive-through!


So far, this is the closest thing I’ve seen to a door with a gothic arch.

Some winter angles on the abbey

While I was out with the camera today, I took some photos of the abbey from angles from which the abbey is visible only in winter, when the leaves are down.

It’s not an easy job to build a photogenic house, but it sure is fun to live in one.


The pile of debris is left from the pine-clearing almost three years ago. Ken is putting it into piles to make rabbit habitat. We call this area the rabbit patch. If you startle a rabbit eating clover in the yard, the rabbit patch is where it runs to. It’s also near here where we’ve seen baby rabbits in early summer.


Black and white


Antiqued duotone


Darkened and spookified

Beans for breakfast?

What to have for breakfast is a constant problem. The exciting choices always seem to be very sweet (cinnamon rolls, pancakes, etc.) or high in fat and cholesterol (biscuits with gravy and eggs). So I’m experimenting with baked beans for breakfast. It’s easy enough to make a big batch in a slow cooker and then store them in the refrigerator to be reheated.

Beans are certainly a healthy choice for breakfast — low fat, low carb, and a decent amount of protein. Beans also are in keeping with my vow to rely more on legumes and high-protein vegan dishes (such as homemade vegan sausages) while Ken is here. I suspect that, in some cultures, breakfast beans are a staple. I once spent a week in a hotel in New Delhi that always served an “English” style buffet breakfast that included baked beans (from a can). This breakfast buffet was very popular. New Delhi businessmen would come to the hotel for breakfast. I don’t know how English this is, though.

What’s healthy and low-carb and would go well with hot biscuits and breakfast beans? I haven’t figured this out.

Is it spring yet?


The snow slid slowly off the roof of the chicken house and curled up under the north-facing eave.

It was a pretty serious snow here in North Carolina, but as the snowstorm heads north it’s being called a blizzard. I think I’m going to ignore the snow (and the kilowatt hours I’ve consumed so far this month to heat the house) and go into denial by ordering the garden seeds this week.