Gardening with raised beds

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My first raised bed. This one will soon have tomatoes in it.

I plan to garden using raised beds. If you do some Googling or ask someone who uses them, you’ll find they have a number of advantages. A couple of advantages that aren’t often mentioned: They make life easier for inexperienced gardeners like me. And they make it easier to work using only hand tools.

I don’t want to start collecting a bunch of powered machinery. It costs a lot of money, they have to be stored somewhere, they require maintenance, they make noise, and they use fuel. I want to try to do as much as I can using simple hand tools.

I’ll build a couple more of these raised beds during the next week or so. They’re not that much trouble to make, and they’re not that expensive. About $40 in posts, and about $70 for the commercial topsoil and composted cow manure to put in them.

Creecy greens (and roadside produce stands)

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A mess of creecy greens, probably from South Carolina

Creecy greens have a long history in America. They grew wild, and they appeared in late winter, often when there was still snow on the ground. My dad, who grew up in the Blue Ridge Mountains, used to say that after a long winter the mountain people developed a strong hunger for something fresh and green. So when the first creecies appeared, they were a feast.

Around here creecy greens can be bought this time of year from roadside markets. I bought these from a roadside produce stand on U.S. 601 near Mocksville. They were relatively pricey — $1.29 a pound. For comparison, cabbage was 39 cents a pound at the same market. The woman who runs the produce stand said she thinks the creecies came from South Carolina. Creecy greens are of the order brassicales, so they are related to cabbage and mustard.

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Wintered-over cabbage, 39 cents a pound

Speaking of cabbage, the mountains just to the north of here are cabbage country. Carroll County, Virginia, long known for its cabbage, is diversifying into broccoli as well. I have not yet had a chance to try Carroll County broccoli. Though I have had excellent cabbage in California, there is a tendency in California for cabbage to be pale and fluffy. Proper cabbage should have dark green outer leaves, and it should be as dense and hard as a piece of marble (attention, San Francisco Chronicle food department: you need to do a piece on the dignity, selection, and use of cabbage).

There is only one device I’ve ever seen that chops cabbage quickly and easily for coleslaw, and I’ve tried everything, from blenders to food processors to chopping knives to mandolins. The device is the Wear-Ever salad maker. We had one when I was young. Last month my sister found one in the Goodwill Store at Mocksville, and she was kind enough to let me buy it (I think she wanted it, too). It makes fine slaw, fast, without making a mess and without a lot of waste. It’s a very handy thing to have, because the winter diet here calls for cabbage in some form almost every day.

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A Wear-Ever salad maker. They were made in Oakland, California, in the 1950s and 1960s, and maybe earlier for all I know. You might be able to find one on eBay.

The 50-mile rule for local eating is a nice goal (and it might even be possible in a lot of places at some times of year), but for many Americans it’s not workable. I propose as an alternative the 50-year rule: if people in the same place had it 50 years ago, it probably makes economic sense to have it now. I’m no expert on the history of this, but having lived in these parts 50 years ago, it’s clear that the winter foods that were available then are the cheapest and best winter foods available now. This includes Florida oranges, cabbage (from Virginia?), pintos beans (South Carolina? Georgia? Texas?), onions, and potatoes. Fifty years ago, of course, was before the Interstate highway system. I suspect much of this produce came up U.S. Route 1 and went onward to New York and New England. Locally, it probably came by U.S. 601, which is a spur of U.S. Route 1.

Update, 5:50 p.m.:

The finished winter supper: creecy greens with a sweet-and-sour treatment (vinegar, olive oil, and a touch of turbinado sugar); warmed-over pinto beans (with sliced onion); fresh hot flaxseed pone; and salmon cakes. The salmon cakes certainly violate the 50-mile rule, but they don’t violate the 50-year rule. My mother used to make salmon cakes fairly often from canned salmon. This was a premium brand of wild red sockeye salmon from Whole Foods in a 7.5 ounce can. If you’re shipping food from Alaska, canned is the cheapest, which probably means it takes less energy than fresh or frozen salmon. And I admit it. I like fish burgers. This is a low-carb, high-protein, healthy country supper.

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Creecy greens, pinto beans, flaxseed pone, and salmon cakes from wild sockeye salmon

Living in a small space

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I’m learning that there’s a certain Zen to living in a small space. I’d better get used to it — I’ll probably need to live in the travel trailer for about a year until the house is done. Clutter-control needs to be a constant discipline. If you don’t need it, don’t bring it into the trailer. Everything must have a place, and the storage areas must be used efficiently. Don’t let dishes collect. Wash them right away. This is all much easier when you don’t have to go to work every day. When you’re rushing around to keep a schedule, chores have to be postponed. When you’re on your own clock, you can take the time to do things as needed.

There’s always room for a computer! I lasted five days before i went to ComputerTree in Winston-Salem and got an iMac.

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What should we do about too many deer?

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Winston-Salem Journal

Why are there too many deer in the suburbs?

It’s not just because there are too few natural predators and because it’s dangerous for hunters to shoot deer in the suburbs. It’s also because there’s more for deer to eat in the suburbs.

In an old-growth forest, there’s very little new growth for deer to eat. Logging creates a feast for deer, because the sunlight can reach the ground and all kinds of new growth springs up. If you cut down the woods to make new suburbs, the deer love it.

The Winston-Salem Journal has a story this morning on hunters using bows, including crossbows, to hunt deer in Elkin. Sorry, but it’s difficult to post links to stories in the Winston-Salem Journal because the Journal has a primitive web site without a decent system for permalinks.

The fact missing from the Journal’s story is that suburbanization causes the deer population to grow, because suburbanization clears ground for deer’s favorite foods.

As for what we should do about deer overpopulation, other than to stop building suburbs, I don’t know. Deer overpopulation certainly is real. Feasting by the fauna is very hard on the flora, and we need all the flora we can get these days. After I’m situated in Stokes County, I hope to understand the deer situation better.

Carroll County cabbage

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Southwest Virginia Farmers Market

Let’s see. We’ve got Stokes County sweet potatoes and Yadkin Valley wine. From Carroll County, Virginia, just up the road from Stokes, we get apples and cabbage. Carroll County cabbage is incredibly good and amazingly cheap when the crop’s in season. At high season you can buy it in 50-pound sacks for next to nothing.

Carroll County has had so much success with its cabbage that it’s diversifying into broccoli.

What do you do with 50 pounds of cabbage? What? You don’t have a root cellar? Then I guess you’ll need to make some sauerkraut. To make sauerkraut, you need a cabbage slicer, a crock, and some good salt. Next cabbage season, I’ll make some kraut. Meanwhile, I already bought and stashed a couple of German-made Harsch fermenting crocks:

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How to can

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Boomers like me who grew up in the country have memories of watching our mothers and grandmothers can, but how it’s done is a mystery. This web site has some videos on how to can homegrown food. It also sells canning supplies.

We young’uns had to work at canning time, though. We were given big bowls and were sent to the front porch to break beans. When strawberries were in and Mama was making preserves, we were sent to the front porch to cap strawberries. As I recall, the young’uns pretty much got off the hook for corn and tomatos.

Beatrix Potter — conservationist

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A farm in England’s Lake District

If you haven’t seen the 2006 film “Miss Potter,” I highly recommend it. The film is historically accurate in reminding us that Beatrix Potter was a conservationist. As a child she spent summers in England’s Lake District, and after she became rich and famous she bought a farm there. She was deeply concerned because developers were buying up small farms for vacation homes, and she used her wealth to buy and preserve these places. When she died she left over 4,000 acres to a trust, and that trust is now part of a national park.

Living off the grid in Ashe County

The Mountain Times has a nice article on a woman who lives off the grid in Ashe County and produces almost all of her own food.

“I left a career in nursing to pursue a primitive lifestyle. Since leaving public employment, I have gained my sense of humor, my health and my life,” she said. “This life is hard work, but it feels good to be physically tired at the end of the day, as opposed to being mentally tired.”

I certainly admire anyone who can reach that level of frugality and self-sufficiency. However, for myself, I’ll be looking for the sweet spot between simple living and having leisure time for things I want to do.

Cooking oil: an unsolved problem in local living

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As a thought experiment, imagine what you would eat if you lived in Stokes County and could eat only foods grown within 50 miles. If you had a good garden, you could eat quite well. However, local sources of vegetable oil would be a problem. Our ancestors in these parts relied on butter and lard. However, keeping cows and pigs takes far more land (and effort) than most people can manage. Not to mention that butter and lard aren’t the healthiest fats.

A number of crops can be grown locally that produce good, healthy oil — sunflower and peanuts would be easy. Flax seed would work. Walnuts, if you can get them. But how do you get the oil out of the seeds?

A little research turns up fairly big, expensive, motor-driven units aimed at the biodiesel market, but small, hand-powered devices are almost unknown in the United States. It would be easier to buy a hand-powered oil press in India or Africa than in the United States.

Some people have tried to solve this problem. At www.journeytoforever.org, they have plans for an oil press that uses a simple jack with a piston and cylinder that could be easily and cheaply built in a machine shop. The plans originally came from Organic Gardening magazine in 1979.

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www.journeytoforever.org

Hmmm. I wonder if I could barter a little computer work to get a machinist to build me one of those. Press the oil out of sunflower seeds and feed the rest to the chickens.

Give bats a break

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www.batcon.org

What’s Halloween without bats?

Many bat species are endangered, and bat populations are threatened worldwide. Many organizations and universities are working to save bat populations. One thing we can do, if we have a place, is to give bats a place to live.

The University of Florida has a fairly gothic bat house:

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Here’s another nice bat house in Tallahassee:

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Lucky me. I have plenty of room for bats on my place in Stokes County. I’ve already bought a couple of these ready-made bat houses. I’ll put them up on the hill on the other side of the branch, not too close to the house:

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I’m looking forward to having bats as neighbors. They’re very useful to have around, because they eat mosquitos. Though I think the cute bat below is a fruit-eating bat.

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www.batcon.org