How will the propaganda pivot?



Rupert Murdoch. Source: Wikimedia Commons.

Votes are still being counted for 23 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives. Odds are, though, that Republicans are going to own the entire government.

Nice as that is for the Republican elite, it also creates a propaganda problem: Whom do they blame for all the ugly things they intend to do? To say that those mean old Democrats made them do it will be a hard sell with Democrats out of power, even to people who will believe just about anything as long as Trump says it.

If they really deport 20 million immigrants, can 20 million Trump voters be found to work in the slaughterhouses and fields and sweat shops for immigrant wages? I can’t wait to see how Republicans handle that.

Will Trump really impose 60 percent tariffs on Chinese imports? Can Rupert Murdoch and Elon Musk come up with lies clever enough to convince Trump voters that it was mean old Democrats who caused prices to go up 40 percent at Walmart? I can’t wait to see how Republicans handle that.

As Heather Cox Richardson reported in her newsletter this morning: “One of the old justifications for tariffs was that they would bring factories home, but when the $3 billion shoe company Steve Madden announced yesterday it would reduce its imports from China by half to avoid Trump-promised tariffs, it said it will shift production not to the U.S., but to Cambodia, Vietnam, Mexico, and Brazil.”

I also can’t wait to see how Republicans come up with propaganda good enough to blame mean old Democrats for what Republican elites plan to do to Obamacare, Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid. Maybe Elon Musk can call Vladimir Putin and get some fresh ideas.

Trump promised that a conservative white-people paradise will arise from the ashes of a crime-ridden liberal hellhole with too many dark-skinned people.

You’ve got to show some results, Mr. Murdoch. America’s dogs are tired of being eaten.

Updating our adaptations



A Facebook meme


“Hello. My name is David, and I live in a fascist country.”

“Hello, David.”


Only as a herd are they strong

There is a well developed theory of what science calls complex adaptive systems. Each human being is an agent — meaning an autonomous unit with goals and capable of action — in a complex adaptive system. Agents live or die, wither or thrive, according to their ability to accurately judge the environment and adapt. When conditions change, agents must accurately assess the change and determine how to re-optimize their behavior in order to live and thrive, rather than wither and die, because the changed conditions may well be dangerous.

Agents compete for resources. Some agents use violence and deceit. Some rely on their wits, their ability to hide, or their ability to run fast. The wary may survive and thrive. The slow and foolish may not.

In complex adaptive systems, agents often have tags that identify what kind of agent they are. Agents may use flags to communicate with other agents. A deer’s appearance tags it as a deer. If you see a deer’s white tail, that’s a flag. The flag probably says to a baby deer, “There is a threat nearby. Run, and follow me.”

In human beings, skin color is a permanent tag that we are born with. Some tags are social. Tattoos are social tags that make some kind of subculture statement. Red MAGA caps are another kind of social tag. They help members of a herd identify each other while communicating a vague threat to non-members of the herd. Some agents can be safest if they fly under the radar by avoiding tags. That’s what camouflage is about.

Trump appeals to his witless and largely feckless herd of followers precisely because, as individuals, they have poor adaptations, and Trump promises to empower them. They have done something very clever. As a herd, acting in concert and following Trump blindly, they have found great power. It’s a collective adaptation, controlled by the uber-agent Trump, and it has been effective for bullying the rest of us and keeping us down.

But we are not defenseless. As agents, we are smarter than they are. Their uber-agent, Trump, is deteriorating, fast. If we don’t find a way to beat them, if we don’t develop adaptations better than theirs, quickly, and take our power back, then it’s our own fault. So, how do we adapt?

We have to be civil

As liberals, caring and kindness are core moral values. We are capable of being civil even with people whom we find disgusting. Civility is a form of adaptation, even a kind of tag or camouflage. Civility comes with benefits. It keeps us from squandering our energy and our social capital on nonproductive conflict. Civility doesn’t have to be sincere to be effective.

How it is possible to be civil to someone when what you really want is to knock the living hell out of them? To want to knock the living hell out of people who deserve it is surely irresistibly human. And yet, especially because we are liberals rather than fascists, we believe that to be treated with civility is a basic human right. Even murderers, or Trumps, put in prison should be treated with civility. While treating MAGA types with civility as individuals, we must be as politically brutal as the law allows. They, after all, have gone way beyond the law in pursuing political brutality. There are reasons why they see us as weak. To be seen as weak in a dangerous environment invites even greater danger.

I live in a red rural county, surrounded by MAGA Republicans. If I was rude to them because of what they are, it would gain me nothing. They would treat me twice as rudely in return, mark me as an outsider, and abuse me in any way they thought they could get away with. But authoritarians are not like us. Caring and kindness outside their in-group is not wired into them the way it’s wired into liberals. They have a fear reaction toward out-groups, toward anyone who is different or who looks different. But if you look more or less like them, and if you are civil, and if you don’t touch one of their many triggers, they will be civil in return.

It’s very telling, really, that my Republican neighbors barely get along with each other. It’s in their authoritarian wiring. They’re always feuding. They make up, for a while, and then they feud again. I think they find pleasure in it. Property lines and dogs are the usual fuel, but they’re always on the lookout for something to get offended over. They don’t seem to notice that David, that nice Democrat, is the only one who doesn’t spat with them. As one neighbor said about me once, after they’d chased down, berated, and threatened to shoot the driver of a car who ignored the hand-painted 10 mph speed signs on our mile-long private road, “David don’t make no trouble.”

Indeed, David don’t. David has a lot of experience with white authoritarians. Only a few — two, actually, in the last sixteen years — have been pigs enough to try to provoke me or threaten me. The Republicans in this county actually like me. They treat me with respect, they call me “sir,” and they don’t see me as dangerous. But I hope I’m more dangerous than they know.

A common adaptation of gay people is to be seen as a nice person, even “sweet.” This is an adaptation often used by those with little power. It’s aimed at making their environment safer. They look for ways to make themselves needed. It’s a good adaptation when other agents are potentially dangerous. It’s also good for communities, because people who are needed do good things. Rural black people, I have learned, often have similar adaptations. Children sometimes do, and some women do. It’s a way of staying out of the way of abuse. Everyone could learn from that.

About 66 million Americans voted against Trump. Even if MAGA wanted to beat us down, they can’t beat all of us down because they need us. We’d do well to find little ways of reminding them of that. Part of the divide is that liberals as a group have superior skills, superior educations, and more resources. There is no nuclear accelerator here in my county, because no one would no how to operate it. You will find nuclear accelerators in liberal enclaves — Berkeley, say, or at Palo Alto near Stanford.

Trump and Stephen Miller think we don’t need the 20 million immigrants that they want to deport. Corporate America may see that differently. The propaganda tells the MAGA herd that immigrants are here because liberals opened all the doors and invited them in. Nope. Immigrants are here because of corporate America’s need for cheap labor. Blaming liberals is corporate propaganda. Corporations work very hard to keep people from knowing who works in the slaughterhouses, who works in the fields, and who runs the sewing machines. Immigrants serve two purposes — they are a supply of cheap labor, and they are the powerless scapegoats that fascists require.

You can count on this: If the Trump administration actually goes through with a plan to deport 20 million immigrants, then new scapegoats will have to be found. Not to mention someone to work in the slaughterhouses, work in the fields, and run the sewing machines. Deporting millions of people would cost a huge amount of money. It also would require places that look just like concentration camps, which they will try to keep us from seeing.

Payback

There is no contradiction between civility and payback. It’s actually one of the oldest rules of adaptation in the book — speak softly and carry a big stick. If we are going to beat today’s fascist Republicans, then we are going to have to play some serious hardball. With no insult to Kamala Harris intended, the people who have been recruited into fascism don’t get “joy.” The willingness to kick some ass is what’s joyful to them.

I’m not saying that women can’t play hardball. Nancy Pelosi does, magnificently, as did Margaret Thatcher and Indira Gandhi. Hillary Clinton probably would have played good hardball as president, though her track record was more about diplomacy (which certainly sometimes involves hardball) rather than plain old political hardball. If Democrats want to run a woman for president again, it had better be a woman with a proven, and publicly known, track record of hardball.

Lyndon Johnson played hardball. Bill Clinton did, until he was politically castrated, caught with his britches down. What would you expect Republicans to do upon catching Bill Clinton with his britches down? Why don’t we do the same to them? At how many crimes has Trump been caught red-handed and even with his britches down? One of the reasons I like Beto O’Rourke is that he is hardened by Texas politics. He radiates the Lyndon Johnson style of hardball playing. Can Gavin Newsome play hardball? I don’t think we know for sure. Can Pete Buttigieg play hardball? I suspect he can. He has been tested in Afghanistan, though not yet in politics. I never saw Barack Obama as a strong president. I see him as weak one, because he was afraid to play hardball with Republicans. I suspect that Jimmy Carter is seen as a weak president because he didn’t play hardball.

Timidity in playing hardball is a fatal characteristic of today’s Democratic Party. If Biden’s Justice Department had moved quickly and aggressively to try Trump for his crimes, Trump would be in jail now. We didn’t. Instead the Justice Department pussy-footed around and played croquet while Trump and his lawyers played hardball. And now here we are, paying a terrible price. A criminal con man who should have been in prison by now will instead return to the White House.

Ken, whom I mentioned in yesterday’s post, is onto this theme. Hardly anyone else is. For whatever reason, liberals today devalue and suppress old-fashioned, masculine, high-testosterone hardball and the high-testosterone pursuit of liberal goals. We’re paying dearly for that, politically. Even young men are now moving toward fascism. If we’re ever going to beat the Republicans and win men back, we’ll have to beat the living daylights out of the fascists, at hardball. We also need to make a spectacle of it, as Trump does. Would young males rather go to a weenie roast and sing Kumbaya? Or to a football game, and get that testosterone rush?

Hardball is scalable. Even in my small-pond experience as a Democratic county chair, I had to play some hardball. If someone broke the rules and did some dirty politics (I had two serious cases of it in six years as county chair), I paid them back, and I found ways to do it without breaking the rules. That was a skill I learned in my years in the hyper-competitive environment of the San Francisco media. Many tried to eat my lunch. No one succeeded. I took them all down by beating them at hardball, even as I preserved my reputation for integrity and broke no rules. In the corporate world, petty tyrants who break the rules will eventually make a fatal mistake, and the HR department will then get rid of them for you. My super-power here in Trumpland is understanding how to play hardball while enforcing, rather than breaking, the rules. I know how the system works and how to work the system. Most rural fascists have no idea how to do that. They outsource their agency by joining the fascist herd. If they win together, as they did on November 5, they also will lose together, if we stick it to them.

Let’s be quick

Part of the trick of out-competing other agents is to adapt more quickly than they can. We liberals have been terrible at that.

Trump and his fascists just won an election, but they do not have a clear path to total and everlasting domination — not unless we let them have it, anyway. They want us to see them as invulnerable and to see their domination as inevitable. But many things are going to go wrong for them, and many things are going to stand it their way. Our job is to move faster than them and to maximize the damage from every obstacle they hit. The media will repeat their lies for them. We still have not figured out how to counter that. We must try, perhaps by shaming the media. We must profit from fascist mistakes. We must outsmart them. We must move without hesitation when what is needed is clear.

Nice people can play hardball. Unless we give the fascist machine time to corrupt the law, the law is on our side. We can play hardball without breaking the rules and without breaking the law.

Everybody I know is angry. Let’s channel our anger. We are not rabbits. We are apex predators. We have the numbers, the resources, and the smarts. Let’s start now, and let’s beat the living damn daylights out of them.

It looks like we’re the rebels now


How do we make sense of what, to a morally sane person caught up in a fascist movement, is incomprehensible? As my friend Ken said in a long phone call this morning (he lives in Scotland), “There is something fundamentally sick about America.”

I very much agree. And yet, as morally sane people who try to understand the world rather than fall for propaganda, we’ve got to figure out how to deal with this new situation in which we find ourselves.

Before our phone call, we each had made some notes on our first attempts to grapple with the reality of Trump regaining power through the democratic process. Trump didn’t steal this election. It appears that he even won the popular vote this time, as opposed to regaining power because of the anti-democratic quirks of the Electoral College.

Here are the six points with which I started our conversation:

1. Self care is extremely important right now. In the comments on Heather Cox Richardson’s post last night as votes were being counted, someone said that she couldn’t bear to face the morning and that she had decided to “check out.” It’s unlikely that she’s the only person feeling that level of despair.

2. Mutual support is extremely important right now. We must remind ourselves that we’re all in this together, and that we’re not a tiny minority. As the vote stands at the moment, 66,254,540 people voted against Trump. That’s no small number for organized resistance.

3. Our future is now highly unpredictable. We don’t yet know what Trump and the Republican Party will do with the enormous amount of power that they now have. We know what they have said they will do. The chaos variable is much higher now. Our urge for self-care may tempt us to tune out and give up. That’s just what they want.

4. Why did I not expect this? The explanation that is kindest to myself, and no doubt to millions of others, is that such a fundamental sickness on this scale is incomprehensible to those I don’t hesitate to call decent human beings, as opposed to those who just voted away their right to be called decent human beings.

5. Whom can we trust in a sea of propaganda? I already had written off cable as not to be trusted. I already was increasingly distrustful of the two organizations at the apex of our media — the New York Times and the Washington Post. It appears that the Washington Post, for example (or at least the Post’s billionaire owner), pre-capitulated to Trump by deciding not to endorse anyone. Trump hates “the liberal media.” The media are going to be under extreme pressure, and I don’t think they have the power or even the smarts to put up much resistance, even if their billionaire owners would allow it.

6. Whose are the voices that will help lead us out of this? I am thinking of Winston Churchill’s voice on the radio. For any kind of effective resistance, the 66,254,540 people who voted against Trump now need leadership, coordinated action, and — hope.

Here are some of Ken’s thoughts from our conversation this morning. For the record, he is Ken Ilgunas, author of three beautiful books and someone whose articles and commentaries have been published in many places including the New York Times. He has a Substack newsletter, and he recently started a podcast.

Ken’s thoughts

1. We are the rebels now. It is more fun to be part of the rebel alliance rather than the empire.

2. There is a possibility now for democratic reform. Maybe every democracy, like every alcoholic, needs a rock bottom.

3. I can’t comprehend my own country. I despair of the incomprehensibility. (We both used the word incomprehensible to describe our reactions to the news.)

4. There was no democratic process for the Harris/Walz ticket. Harris chose Walz, and Harris was merely the default replacement after Biden withdrew. Voters did not have the choices they would have had, if, say, Biden had decided much earlier not to run again and if there had been a fresh Democratic primary for choosing who would succeed Biden.

5. I am annoyed with progressive culture; for example, for its inability to have a real conversation about immigration.

6. This opens a new pathway to my Liberal Warrior book proposal.

Liberal Warrior

Ken has been shopping a book proposal with the title Liberal Warrior, a book that will criticize the progressive left for its cultural denigration of men (men, he believes, are not “hegemonic,” but have been “annoyed to the right.”) And it calls for liberals to re-embrace aspects of traditional masculinity (think U.S. Grant, Teddy Roosevelt, and MLK Jr.). In other words: Democrats and progressives need male voters, values, and activists.

The F-word

Ken and I agree (as, I think, do historians of fascism) that Trump is a fascist and that he used fascist methods and fascist rhetoric to gain political power. But it also remains to be seen whether the United States will become a full-on fascist country under Trump. All we can do is pay close attention to what he does as opposed to what he threatens to do. If Trump actually does follow through on Project 2025, and with Elon Musk’s plutocratic agenda, and with the agendas of depraved MAGA heavyweights such as Stephen Miller, that surely would quality as fascism — making the Department of Justice and the FBI agents of Trump’s agenda, drastically cutting corporate taxes and cutting the federal budget by trillions of dollars, attacking social services such as Medicaid and probably attempting to privatize Social Security and Medicare, gutting if not outright eliminating the Education Department and the Environmental Protection Agency, deporting millions of people, using the law to diminish individual freedoms and impose so-called Christian values, using government power to excuse racism and sexism, and keeping the people enraged, drunk on propaganda, and at each other’s throats. Do the American people even understand what they just voted for?

Will the deplorables get the shaft?

Something like 45 million people now benefit from Obamacare and the expansion of Medicaid. Many millions of those people voted for Trump. If they lose those benefits, how will they react? If Trump does indeed impose huge tariffs on Chinese imports, how will Walmart and Amazon shoppers respond? If people see their Social Security and Medicare benefits reduced or threatened, how will they respond? In a full-on fascist scenario with meaningless elections in 2026 and 2028, how would the deplorables register their surprise at being conned and shafted?

Whom will they blame?

MAGA politics — fascist politics — requires scapegoats. With Trump and Republicans in control of all three branches of government, whom will they blame if things go badly wrong? What would be the consequences for whomever they blame? Not only would they use the law against their scapegoats, we have a country full of brownshirts eager for their orders.

The world

Is it over for Ukraine? Will the United States withdraw from NATO? After Ukraine, what would Putin do next? In the July 2024 issue of The Atlantic, Jonathan Rauch wrote about how The World Is Realigning. This is extremely important and potentially extremely dangerous. Under Trump, it would appear that the United States has abandoned democracy, both at home and abroad.

What’s the worst case scenario?

This could all end in firing squads and political prisoners and the Putin-style looting of the American economy. Or it could be a harsh reminder of our democratic American values and a blood transfusion that flushes out the sickness infecting American society as a whole, the very same sickness that once led to an American civil war.

It all depends on what Trump and the Republican Party do with power. It also depends on what the rest of us do.

The Iliad: At least I tried



The Iliad. Translated by Emily Wilson. Norton, 2023. 848 pages.


Sixty pages of the Iliad was all I could handle. Reading Homer is thought to be edifying. I did not find it edifying. I found it boring. The mortals (at least in the first sixty pages) all are idiots, all behaving badly — vain, blind, belligerent, conniving, and mean. The gods are even worse. The mortals are hyperactive and volatile. The gods are lazy. I often have said that dysfunction and foible do not make good stories. If there is a quest in the Iliad, it’s crushing and looting Troy, just for the heck of it. What an edifying goal!

Stories require villains, but there’d better be at least one character per story whom we actually can like. No such character appears in the first sixty pages of the Iliad.

Of course I understand why reading the Iliad is thought to be edifying. To be able to read the ancient Greek would be very edifying. But translations not so much.

I tried to remind myself that the Iliad was 300 or 400 years old in Plato’s time. It’s not surprising that it is so primitive.

I do think, though, that this new translation of the Iliad is a good book to have on the shelf as a reference. There is a long list of characters at the back of the book that would serve as an excellent reference on Greek mythology. There are extensive notes nicely keyed to the verse. The notes explain many of the symbols and allusions, things that only Greek scholars would know. To me, the notes are more edifying and illuminating than the text itself.

There is a fascinating clash between Greek philosophy, with its wisdom, and Greek mythology, with its foolishness. From what little I know about Greek history, it was inspired more by foolishness than by wisdom. Reading about the Peloponnesian War, which was complete folly, will break your heart. Foolish gods, perhaps, drive foolish projects.

Having flung the Iliad, I’ve started on a guaranteed good read — Dickens’ The Old Curiosity Shop. I may have read it many years ago, but if I did I don’t remember anything about it. Many of Dickens’ novels were serialized — The Old Curiosity Shop, Bleak House, Oliver Twist, Barnaby Rudge, Nicholas Nickleby. These are my favorite Dickenses, though I love David Copperfield and have read it several times.

It’s a shame that nobody serializes novels anymore, because serialization requires that the writer make each installment compelling in itself, so that the reader is eager for more and desperate to know what happens next. A serialized novel probably will be a hot read, and we all love hot reads. The only modern serialized novels that I can’t think of are Armistead Maupin’s Tales of the City novels, which were serialized in the San Francisco Chronicle (and briefly in the San Francisco Examiner after Maupin had a spat with the Chronicle’s editors).

Why I’m optimistic about the election



Source: Wikimedia Commons

A couple of friends have told me recently that they wish they had my optimism about which way this election is going. I make no predictions. But I see many reasons for optimism.

Ever since Kamala Harris became the nominee, it is hard to imagine things going better for the Democratic Party. Harris hit the ground running, reversed the sense of doom that we all felt after President Biden’s debate performance, and inspired a huge wave of enthusiasm and political momentum. The polls started moving our way.

Meanwhile, the Trump campaign has been doing pretty much everything wrong. It has been one stupid move after another. For whatever reason, Trump has chosen to throw out red meat to inflame the people who are going to vote for him anyway, instead of reaching out for votes that he might otherwise not have gotten. He keeps infuriating women voters, and in two days’ work he probably has permanently reversed the defection of Latinos from the Democratic to the Republican party. Best of all, the once-forbidden word “fascist” has been rehabilitated and forcefully injected into the national conversation. Even the New York Times was forced to run pieces (quoting experts, of course) acknowledging that, yes, Trump is a fascist. (That the New York times was the last, rather than the first, to tell us that Trump is a fascist says a lot about how completely useless our political media have become.)

I don’t pay much attention to the polls this close to the election. Again this year, as they did in 2022, Republicans have cranked out a bunch of trash polls to convince MAGA voters that Trump is sure to win, even if he loses, and that therefore that the election was stolen.

A few days ago, Jen O’Malley Dillon, Kamala Harris’ campaign chair, put out a YouTube video about the numbers (see below). Yes, of course, someone in her position has to express optimism at this point and stress the importance of voting. But O’Malley also refers to some numbers from the campaign’s internal polling. You can be sure that the campaign’s internal polling is laser-focused and of higher quality that the public polls. The internal polls are essential to campaign decisions about where to concentrate their efforts. If you’ve been stressing out about the election, then maybe you’ll feel better after watching the video.

But I’ve also been thinking some about the worst-case scenario. It’s an ugly scenario, but in the end we win.

If the American people really are so stupid as to vote for a fascist who intends to destroy the American democracy, turn us into Russia (see Fiona Hill in Politico, October 28), make elections obsolete, loot the country, and put billionaires and whack-jobs in charge of everything (thinking that this will save America!) then obviously the American people are going to have to learn things the hard way. If Trump and company get back into power, then no election will ever get them out. He even told people at his rallies that they won’t have to vote anymore, because he’ll “fix” things.

I told a friend at lunch yesterday that, if Trump gets back into power, that I think it would take Americans four to eight years to get our democracy back. After four years of Trump and a non-election in 2028, it should be clear even to MAGA cultists that they’ve been conned, that the economy has been trashed, and that the rights of everyone except for billionaires have been suspended. Non-MAGA Americans, upon seeing that elections no longer work, would clearly see what must be done. The only recourse would be a revolt, with general strikes and millions of people in the streets.

The history of how tyrants are deposed has been well studied. Andrea Kendall-Taylor and Erica Frantz have written in How Autocracies Fall that autocrats have become increasingly vulnerable to mass revolts. When Putin and his oligarchs took over Russia, the job was made much easier by the fact that the Russian people have no history of democracy. A tyrant in the Kremlin was just the same-old same-old for Russians. But that is not true of Americans. Democracy is in our bones (most of us, anyway). Anybody who takes democracy from us would have hell to pay. Nor would we Americans be in it alone. We have Canada to the north, and we have our NATO allies, who hate Trump just as much as we do. If the MAGA people ever got the civil war that they seem to want, they would lose. And maybe they’d learn a lesson that they’d remember up to a hundred years or so.

So that’s why I’m not panicking. Even if we wake up to a nightmare on November 6 (or however long it takes to count the votes), we’ll get our democracy back, whatever it takes. For decades, farsighted people have warned us about what fascism would look like if it came to America. And now we can see the whites of fascist eyes. Maybe it’s just denial, but I still find it almost impossible to believe that Americans actually would choose such a thing, especially now that we can call it what it is.

Yes, they have a plan for stealing the election. They will try, through legal maneuvers, to get it before the fascist-majority Supreme Court. Or, through dirty tricks in the states, they will try to throw the election to the House of Representatives. We do need to brace ourselves for that. Unless the election is a landslide for Harris, an attempt to steal the election is inevitable. Trump was even foolish enough to refer to a “secret plan” with the Republican speaker of the House. If they lose the election but succeed with a steal, the revolt will start on Day 1.

WYSIWYG with old daisy wheel printers



A 1985 IBM Wheelwriter 5 with the printer option. Click here for high-resolution version


I apologize to regular readers for this nerd post of limited interest. Many of the hits on this blog come from Google, from people who have run a search on one of the many subjects I’ve written about over the past 17 years. This post is meant as a service to “the typewriter community,” since I am a typewriter collector and my career was in computers and publishing.


Today I am shocked, and ashamed, at how quickly we nerds gave up our typewriters back in the 1980s and quickly adopted the new phenomenon of “word processing.” Now I’m sentimental about what we had back then. We need not only to keep the old machines alive, but also to preserve the knowledge of how to use the old machines.

A few typewriters were made that bridged the world between typewriters and computers. They had a keyboard, of course, and could be used as typewriters. But they also had a computer interface (generally a Centronics parallel port) so that they could be connected to a computer and used as a printer. Most IBM Wheelwriters did not have the printer interface. They are said to be rare. But if you can get your hands on one, they are marvelous machines. Mine is a Wheelwriter 5 made in 1985. The “printer option” for the Wheelwriter 5 consisted of two computer boards that connected to the typewriter’s main board with a ribbon cable. To house the two extra boards, an extension for the case was provided that clipped onto the back of the typewriter. Other versions of the printer option on later models of the Wheelwriter had the printer option more or less built in. Some even came with LCD displays or hardware for connecting the typewriter to an external keyboard and monitor.

The first thing to know about these beasts in that they are (rather obviously) ASCII printers. When Postscript and laser printers came along, ASCII printers including ASCII dot-matrix printers were quickly displaced. These days, printers have drivers that explain the printer’s capabilities to the computers they’re attached to. For ASCII printers, you won’t find any drivers, because: You don’t need a driver! The goal is a simple one — to send ASCII down the wire to the printer. But most computers these days have forgotten how to do that.

I am not a Microsoft Windows person. There are ways to make the old ASCII printers work with Windows, but I’m afraid I can’t help with Windows. However, the job is easy with Linux computers and Macintoshes, because Linux computers and Macintoshes are Unix boxes that still come with all the old text-handling utilities such as “vi,” “nroff,” and “lpr.” Other classic text-handling utilities, such as the Emacs editor, are easily available.

To get an old ASCII printer to work on a Linux computer or Macintosh, you need some basic knowledge that I can’t get into here. You’ll need to do some Googling and learning if the tools and concepts are new to you. For example, to attach an ASCII printer to a Linux computer or Macintosh, you’ll need a USB to Centronics parallel adapter cable. You’ll use Cups, the built-in print spooler, to set up the printer as a “raw” printer. “Raw” means that Cups sends plain ASCII down the wire without using a driver. You need to know your way around in terminal windows.

I’m an old hand at “vi” and “nroff,” because once upon a time that’s what we used for writing, editing, and formatting text. Another popular editor was Emacs. Emacs has a learning curve even steeper than that of “vi.” But to use Emacs with a daisywheel printer, you don’t have to know everything about Emacs. You only need to know enough to use Emacs for writing and editing English text.

Some of the early text utilities with graphical interfaces are still around and no doubt can still provide a WYSIWIG experience with a daisywheel printer. (WYSIWIG means “what you see is what you get.”) For example, George R.R. Martin is notorious for continuing to use WordStar on DOS! But you’ll have a harder time finding WordStar, or a working DOS computer, than you’ll have finding an IBM Wheelwriter with the printer option. So Emacs is the easiest way to go.

I’m sorry that I can’t get into the how-to’s here. It’s all pretty complicated, and Googling will lead you to articles on how to use Emacs, how to use Cups, etc. My purpose is only to show that it can be done and to encourage you to do it if you have a daisywheel printer, an ASCII dot-matrix printer, or a hybrid typewriter-printer such as a Wheelwriter in your collection.

About the IBM Wheelwriters

Typewriter collectors disdain machines such as the IBM Wheelwriters because Wheelwriters are not purely mechanical machines. Rather, there is a computer inside the typewriter that controls the typewriter’s moving parts. So-called electronic typewriters are far simpler — mechanically, anyway — than mechanical typewriters. Just as the IBM Selectric was the ultimate in mechanical typewriters, the IBM Wheelwriter is the ultimate in electronic typewriters. The Wheelwriters are heavy beasts, made for commercial use. The Wheelwriter keyboards are superb. The keyboards are identical to the IBM Model M keyboards, which IBM made for IBM computers starting in 1985. People cherish these keyboards today and pay high prices for them. If you are a good typist, then the best keyboards ever made are the keyboards on the IBM Selectric typewriters, the Model M keyboards for IBM computers, and the keyboards on the Wheelwriter typewriters. Like most of the Selectric typewriters, the Wheelwriters have a correcting function — a sticky tape that lifts letters off the paper if you made a mistake. The Wheelwriters (depending on the model) also have memories (for such things as form letters) and spell check. The daisy wheel itself lifts out, and an assortment of type styles and font sizes were available, as well as support for dozens of languages.

I love my IBM Selectrics, but the Wheelwriters also are lovable machines. They have a kind of robot personality, because, unlike typewriters, they have a brain inside.


⬆︎ This is Emacs running in a terminal window in Mac OS.


⬆︎ A letter from John Steinbeck to Robert Wallsten reproduced on a Wheelwriter using a proportional typeface. Wallsten was a screenwriter for “Alfred Hitchcock Presents.”

Fresh leaves, while they last



Carrot top pesto with roasted baby carrots and a quiche bought at Trader Joe’s


I am strongly of the view that what keeps us alive is negative entropy. When I bring this up with people who I think might be interested, their eyes glaze over with boredom, and I drop the subject. Entropy = disorder. Negative entropy = order. Life goes on only because life magically resists the natural tendency toward decay and disorder.

Obviously we eat to obtain energy. And obviously we eat to obtain certain nutrients. If we ate no calcium, for example, we would have no bones. We could eat compost and get calcium and calories. But that’s not enough. We would not be able to thrive on compost. We’d develop all sorts of diseases and then die. Why? Because all the order, all the life, is gone from compost. Once bacteria have squeezed the last bit of order out of compost (the bacteria then die and become part of the compost), only plants can use the compost then. Plants can use the compost because they use photosynthesis to create new order, in the form of complex organic molecules, out of the dead raw material.

I have written in more detail about this here. It boils down to a theory of nutrition based on physics rather than on biology. A theory from physics does not in any way negate a theory from biology. Rather, physics just takes us back one level to a more fundamental science of life.

What does this have to do with fresh leaves? It is photosynthesis, using energy from the sun, that is the basis of life on earth. Life has the ability to take dead elements (such as calcium, nitrogen, iron, magnesium, and water) and build the vast variety of complex molecules that are necessary for life. Those dead elements, as in compost, are simple and lifeless. The order, as in the products of plant life, is exceedingly complex — alive. It is photosynthesis that gave them life and order. Chlorophyll is a rich source of order. And chlorophyll is only one of the countless orderly molecules that plants produce and that we need to thrive and to avoid disease.

This, I think, is why people do not thrive on ultraprocessed foods. Ultraprocessed foods are like compost. The energy is there, some of the simple nutrients are there, but the order has been processed out and is mostly gone. Bodies live on, because they’re getting energy (too much of it, really), but the body breaks down, because it’s starved for order. It’s just a hunch, and I can’t offer any evidence. But I suspect that the reason we sometimes eat too much is that our bodies are starved for order, even though we’re overfed on low-order foods.

So then, carrot tops. If you can get your hands on some living leaves fresh out of the sun, eat them! They are a magnificently rich source of order.

My farmer friends Brittany and Richard grew the carrots and harvested them the morning before I made the pesto.


Carrot leaves — fresh chlorophyll!

A bistro and bar in Trumptown



Grilled salmon with green beans and garlic mashed potatoes


I had been waiting for this place to open for months, following their progress on their Facebook page. It’s the first real bistro in the benighted red county I live in. The place is named “The Dalton” (I’ll explain below why its name also is my surname), and it’s in the mean, racist, theocratic little town of King. I love bistros, but I’m also fascinated by the clash of what I might call bistro culture with white Christian theocracy, in a town that normally feeds on wings, barbecue, burgers, and baloney.

The main thing to know about King, North Carolina, is that it’s a white-flight suburb of the nearby (blue-voting and remarkably civilized) city of Winston-Salem. King is an ugly little town that consists mostly of a one-mile strip development with fast food, grocery stores, a tire store, and a “Christian Supplies” store, whatever that is. The town is politically dominated by a large Baptist church with a crew of nasty little Bible-college preachers. (I’ve seen and heard these preachers at county commissioner meetings when something like putting “In God We Trust” on county buildings and county vehicles is on the agenda.)

Baptists, of course, including those who are secretly sinful, don’t want others to have the freedom to buy alcohol. For years, the power of these Baptists was able to keep “liquor by the drink” and ABC stores out of King. In North Carolina, cities and towns can be either “wet” or “dry,” depending on how the town’s voters vote in a referendum. In 2022, proponents of liquor by the drink were at last able to get a referendum on the ballot. In November 2022, it passed, 63 percent to 37 percent. It has taken almost two years for King’s first bar to open.

The best restaurants make most of their money off of alcohol rather than food. So at last a bistro — with a big bar — had a chance to make a go of it in King. They got the best old building in town. For years, King’s high street had been run down and seedy, with only one strong business, a drug store. Several buildings on the high street are being renovated now. If the Dalton restaurant succeeds, it should lift the entire (very short) high street along with it. The high street is named Dalton Road.

The road is named for the old Dalton plantation that was a few miles north. The plantation is historically significant, not least for the wills and other records of the plantation’s owners, David Dalton Sr. (1740-1820) and David Dalton Jr. (1781-1847). The Dalton family papers are in the Z. Smith Reynolds Library of Wake Forest University. I am not descended from the Daltons who owned the plantation. Rather, that branch of the Dalton family and my branch forked in Albemarle County, Virginia, in the early 1700s and migrated south from the Charlottesville area separately. The Daltons arrived in Virginia very early, during the Williamsburg period. Two names come up again and again in the family trees — Timothy, and David. Where you find Daltons, you will find a David.

I have not yet met the owners of the bistro. I’d love to ask them some questions. They have made a huge investment in renovating and equipping the building. I asked my waitress how many people were working that afternoon. Fourteen, she said. That is a huge staff. Most country eateries operate with two to four people. The place is nicely furnished, though not lavish. They have proper heavy white china and good flatware. The prices are reasonable. My waitress said the place has been packed in the evening. It must be a tough calibration for “upscale” menus in downscale locations, where the food has to be good enough to justify higher prices and to satisfy customers with higher expectations, while not being too expensive or so citified that people don’t understand it.

King is sixteen miles to the south of me, so I won’t be tempted to go there very often.

As though to remind me that I was in Trumptown, as I was enjoying my grilled salmon an older couple came in. The man was “open carrying.” He had a pistol in a holster. This is legal in North Carolina unless a business posts a sign at the door forbidding weapons inside. This irked me at first. But the couple were quiet and polite and not out to make a scene. I’d never seen open carry in a restaurant before, but I’ve heard stories about how people who open carry want to make a show of it, like the people who make a show of holding hands and praying before they eat their barbecue and fries.

I have several reasons for wanting to support this place, but I’d do for only one reason — the fact that that ungodly Baptist church up the road didn’t want it there and lost the battle to keep it out.


⬆︎ The vanilla ice cream was only $2! Other dessert choices were $6 and $8.


⬆︎ King’s high street is on the National Register of Historic Places. I believe this was the old bank building.

Journalism for the few



Dorothy Thompson leaves the White House after a visit with Roosevelt, May 1940. Source: Wikimedia Commons.


Today’s substack from Heather Cox Richardson contains a sharp warning about what Trump will do to those who oppose him, if he ever gets power again:

“On Saturday, September 7, Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump predicted that his plan to deport 15 to 20 million people currently living in the United States would be ‘bloody.’ He also promised to prosecute his political opponents, including, he wrote, lawyers, political operatives, donors, illegal voters, and election officials. Retired chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Mark Milley told journalist Bob Woodward that Trump is ‘a fascist to the core … the most dangerous person to this country.’

“On October 14, Trump told Fox News Channel host Maria Bartiromo that he thought enemies within the United States were more dangerous than foreign adversaries and that he thought the military should stop those ‘radical left lunatics’ on Election Day.”

Our mediocre media soft-pedals Trump’s overt fascism. Most Americans are strangely unconcerned about what Trump intends to do if he ever gets power again, because journalists are afraid that to tell them would sound shrill and unobjective. We even have a new term for how the media normalize Trump’s depravity to avoid sounding shrill — “sanewashing.”

But scholars like Heather Cox Richardson don’t have to care what Republicans or centrists think about what she writes. She writes for a smaller set of people. She has, I believe, 1.3 million subscribers on Substack, as well as 2 million followers on Facebook. That’s a lot of people, but it’s only 1.3 percent of the American population.

Richardson writes today about Dorothy Thompson, a journalist who was expelled from Germany in 1934. Thompson was a rare journalist who risked sounding shrill when what she was writing about was gruesomely ugly. She had written in 1931 that Hitler was a man of “startling insignificance.”

In Harper’s Magazine in 1934, she wrote:

“He is formless, almost faceless, a man whose countenance is a caricature, a man whose framework seems cartilaginous, without bones. He is inconsequent and voluble, ill poised and insecure. He is the very prototype of the little man.”

It seems that Dorothy Thompson analyzed everyone she met in the same way she analyzed Hitler. She wrote a fascinating piece for Harper’s Magazine in 1941, Who Goes Nazi? She asks us to imagine a parlor game at a large gathering of people. She describes twelve people in the room, whom she labels A through L, and asks whether they would “go Nazi.” She wants us to see how It Could Happen Here. People today are just the same as people were in 1941. For persons A through L, which types seem familiar? Whom do you like, and dislike, the most? Which one is Elon Musk? Is there a Liz Cheney in the room? For those of us who would never go Nazi, why?

It’s an odd paradox, and only the best of journalists and historians can get at it — how it can be that some of history’s greatest monsters also are pathetic little creeps.

Here’s another paradox. Given any major issue, the higher the stakes and the greater the controversy, the harder it is to find out what is really going on. Sources that depend on large audiences have to water things down so as not be accused of taking sides. But, somewhere in the fog of propaganda, there will be a few who are doing their best to get at the truth. Dorothy Thompson did it then. Heather Cox Richardson is doing it now.


Update: The New York Times seems to have had a fit of conscience:

As Election Nears, Kelly Warns Trump Would Rule Like a Dictator: John Kelly, the Trump White House’s longest-serving chief of staff, said that he believed that Donald Trump met the definition of a fascist.